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Fabrication, characterization and evaluation of mesoporous activated carbons from agricultural waste:

Lei YU,Chen TU,Yongming LUO

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2015年 第9卷 第2期   页码 206-215 doi: 10.1007/s11783-014-0631-7

摘要： This work explores the feasibility of Jerusalem artichoke stem (JAS), an agricultural waste, as an alternative precursor for fabrication of mesoporous activated carbon (MAC) via conventional ZnCl activation. The as-prepared JAS-MACs were characterized by thermogravimetric, nitrogen gas adsorption isotherm and high resolution scanning electron microscopy analysis. The interacting effects of chemical dosage, activation temperature and time on the mesoporosity, mesopore volume and carbon yield were investigated, and further optimized by response surface methodology (RSM). The Brunauer-Emmett-Teller surface area, mesoporosity and mesopore volume of the JAS-MAC prepared under optimum condition were identified to be 1631 m ·g , 90.16% and 1.11 cm ·g , respectively. Compared with commercial activated carbons, this carbon exhibited a comparable monolayer adsorption capacity of 374.5 mg·g for Methylene Blue dye. The findings suggest that RSM could be an effective approach for optimizing the pore structure of fabricated activated carbons.

关键词： mesoporous activated carbon     response surface methodology     adsorption isotherm     agricultural wastes    

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Microbial fuel cell with high content solid wastes as substrates: a review

Qingliang Zhao,Hang Yu,Weixian Zhang,Felix Tetteh Kabutey,Junqiu Jiang,Yunshu Zhang,Kun Wang,Jing Ding

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2017年 第11卷 第2期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-017-0918-6

摘要： Fundamentals and configuration design of MFCs fueled by HCSW were reviewed. HCSWs including sewage sludge, biomass and biowaste treated in MFCs were summarized. HCSW based MFCs technologies covered the types of sediment, soil, wetland and plant. Activated sludge process and composting could be coupled with HCSW-MFCs. HCSW-MFCs could be applied in bioremediation and biosensing. With the increasing concern about the serious global energy crisis and high energy consumption during high content solid wastes (HCSWs) treatment, microbial fuel cell (MFC) has been recognized as a promising resource utilization approach for HCSW stabilization with simultaneous electrical energy recovery. In contrast to the conventional HCSW stabilization processes, MFC has its unique advantages such as direct bio-energy conversion in a single step and mild reaction conditions (viz., ambient temperature, normal pressure, and neutral pH). This review mainly introduces some important aspects of electricity generation from HCSW and its stabilization in MFC, focusing on: (1) MFCs with different fundamentals and configurations designed and constructed to produce electricity from HCSW; (2) performance of wastes degradation and electricity generation; (3) prospect and deficiency posed by MFCs with HCSW as substrates. To date, the major drawback of MFCs fueled by HCSW is the lower power output than those using simple substrates. HCSW hydrolysis and decomposition would be a major tool to improve the performance of MFCs. The optimization of parameters is needed to push the progress of MFCs with HCSW as fuel.

关键词： Microbial fuel cell     High content solid wastes     Substrate     Bioremediation     Biosensor    

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Recycling combustibles from aged municipal solid wastes (MSW) to improve fresh MSW incineration in Shanghai

Dezhen CHEN, Zhenzhen GUAN, Guangyu LIU, Tong ZHU, Gongming ZHOU,

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2010年 第4卷 第2期   页码 235-243 doi: 10.1007/s11783-010-0016-5

摘要： Aged municipal solid wastes (MSW) excavated from landfills and dumpsites were characterized to analyze their fraction composition, moisture content, and lower heat value (LHV). The necessity and feasibility of recycling combustibles from aged MSW to improve the incineration of fresh MSW were investigated. The results showed that combustibles in aged MSW were easily separated from other components and than LHV of the separated combustibles are higher than 11000 kJ/kg. The fresh MSW are of high moisture contents with average LHV below 6500 kJ/kg, making their stable combustion difficult to maintain in MSW incinerators. For both fresh MSW and aged MSW, plastics are the main contributor to their LHV. To improve incineration of fresh MSW that are characterized with low LHV, combustibles separated from aged MSW were made into refuse derived fuel (RDF) pellets and were then added to fresh MSW by 2% wt.– 5% wt. LHV variation and air supply resistance change of the MSW layer on the incinerator grate caused by the addition of RDF was checked, and no significant changes were found. No obvious difference was observed for the ‘burn-out time’ between RDF pellets and fresh MSW either. RDF made from aged MSW combustibles is found to be a promising auxiliary fuel to improve the incineration of fresh MSW, and aged MSW from old landfill cells and dumpsites can be finally disposed of jointly with fresh MSW by recycling combustible from the former to be co-incinerated with the latter in the incineration plants.

关键词： aged municipal solid wastes (MSW)     fresh MSW     lower heat value (LHV)     combustibles     refuse derived fuel (RDF)     incineration    

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Resource utilization of typical biomass wastes as biochars in removing plasticizer diethyl phthalate

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年 第17卷 第1期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-023-1605-4

摘要：

● Six largely produced agricultural biomass wastes were pyrolyzed into biochars.

关键词： Plastic pollution     Phthalic acid esters     Designed biochar     Wetland plant     Adsorption    

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Pollution of hazardous substances in industrial construction and demolition wastes and their multi-path

Sheng Huang, Xin Zhao, Yanqiu Sun, Jianli Ma, Xiaofeng Gao, Tian Xie, Dongsheng Xu, Yi Yu, Youcai Zhao

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2017年 第11卷 第1期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-017-0901-2

摘要： Pollution pattern of metals and organic pesticide in demolition waste is studied. Organophosphorus pesticide can be everlasting on surface of demolition waste. Leaching potential of pollutants from simulated and onsite waste varies spatially. Direct oral and dermal ingestion, leaching potential into water exceed the limit. Implications for demolition waste management in industrial plants are proposed. Exploration of heavy metals and organic pollutants, their leaching capacity along with health and environmental risks in contaminated industrial construction and demolition waste (ICDW) within a pesticide manufacturing plant were investigated. A maximum content of 90.8 mg·kg Cd was found present in the wastes, which might originate from phosphorus rocks and industrial sulfuric acid used in pesticide production processes. An average concentration of 979.8 mg·kg dichlorovos and other 11 organophosphorus pesticide were also detected. Relatively high leaching rates of around 4.14‰ were obtained from laboratory simulated ICDW using both glacial acetic acid- sodium hydroxide and deionized water. Pesticide pollutants had the strongest tendency to retaining on dry bricks (leaching rate 1.68‰) compared to mortar-coatings, etc. due to their different physical characteristics and octanol-water partioning coefficient. Mobility of pesticide from on-site ICDW by water was spatially correlated to waste types, process sections and human activities, with a flux of leaching rate between 5.9‰ to 27.4%. Risk-based corrective action (RBCA) model was used to simulate the risk of contaminated ICDW debris randomly scattered. Oral and dermal ingestion amount by local workers was 9.8 × 10 and 1.9 × 10 mg·(kg·d) , respectively. Potential leaching risk to aquatic systems exceeded the limit for nearly 75% waste. Environmental and health risk exceedance was found in most ICDW, while the risk value of the most severely contaminated brick waste was 660 times beyond critical level. Implications for waste management involving construction and deconstruction work, waste transferring and regulation supplying were also provided.

关键词： Industrial demolition wastes     Heavy metals     Pesticides     Leaching characteristics     Risk assessment     Waste management    

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Goryachkin’s agricultural mechanics

Vera CHINENOVA

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2016年 第11卷 第1期   页码 87-94 doi: 10.1007/s11465-016-0378-x

摘要：

The paper contributes to the development of applied mechanics by establishing a new discipline, namely, agricultural mechanics by academician Vasilii Prohorovich Goryachkin (1868–1935) who was an apprentice of Nikolay Yegorovich Zhukovsky and a graduate of the Moscow University (current known as Moscow State University) and the Imperial Higher Technical School.

关键词： theory of mechanisms and machines     agricultural machinery engineering     agricultural mechanics    

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Systematical strategies for wastewater treatment and the generated wastes and greenhouse gases in China

Jingbo GUO, Fang MA, Yuanyuan QU, Ang LI, Liang WANG

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2012年 第6卷 第2期   页码 271-279 doi: 10.1007/s11783-011-0328-0

摘要： China now faces double challenges of water resources shortage and severe water pollution. To resolve Chinese water pollution problems and reduce its impacts on human health, economic growth and social development, the situation of wastewater treatment was investigated. Excess sludge and greenhouse gases (GHGs) emitted during wastewater treatment were also surveyed. It is concluded that Chinese water pollution problems should be systematically resolved with inclusion of wastewater and the solid waste and GHGs generated during wastewater treatment. Strategies proposed for the wastewater treatment in China herein were also adequate for other countries, especially for the developing countries with similar economic conditions to China.

关键词： wastewater treatment     solid waste     greenhouse gases     systematical strategies    

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聚乙烯类废塑料制聚乙烯蜡技术进展

王璇,冀星,李术元

《中国工程科学》 2001年 第3卷 第12期   页码 90-95

摘要：

废旧塑料的回收利用是近年来治理环境污染的一个重要课题。废聚乙烯（PE）在塑料垃圾中占有很大的比例，如何对其进行合理的回收、利用已成为人们十分关心的问题。从理论和经济两方面分析了废聚乙烯裂解制取聚乙烯蜡技术的可行性，介绍了聚乙烯蜡的性能及市场情况，分析比较了几种有代表性的制蜡工艺，综合评价了这些工艺技术的应用范围和优缺点。还简要介绍了红外脱油技术，并对该技术的研究和应用方向提出了一些建议。

关键词： 聚乙烯类废塑料     热解     聚乙烯蜡    

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STRENGTHENING NON-POINT SOURCE POLLUTION CONTROL TO PROMOTE AGRICULTURAL GREEN DEVELOPMENT

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年 第10卷 第4期   页码 503-509 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2023528

摘要：

STRENGTHENING NON-POINT SOURCE POLLUTION CONTROL TO PROMOTE AGRICULTURAL GREEN DEVELOPMENT

关键词： GREEN     AGRICULTURAL     PROMOTE     POLLUTION     SOURCE     DEVELOPMENT     POINT     STRENGTHENING     CONTROL    

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Characteristics of the stabilized/solidified municipal solid wastes incineration fly ash and the leaching

Yan SHAO,Haobo HOU,Guangxing WANG,Sha WAN,Min ZHOU

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2016年 第10卷 第1期   页码 192-200 doi: 10.1007/s11783-014-0719-0

摘要： Fly ash is a hazardous byproduct of municipal solid wastes incineration (MSWI). An alkali activated blast furnace slag-based cementitious material was used to stabilize/solidify the fly ash at experimental level. The characteristics of the stabilized/solidified fly ash, including metal leachability, mineralogical characteristics and the distributions of metals in matrices, were tested by toxic characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive spectrometer (SEM-EDS) respectively. Continuous acid extraction was utilized to extract metal ions and characterize their leaching behavior. The stabilization/solidification procedure for MSWI fly ash demonstrates a strong fixing capacity for the metals by the formation of C-S-H phase, hydrated calcium aluminosilicate and ettringite. The stabilized/solidified fly ash shows a dense and homogeneous microstructure. Cr is mainly solidified in hydrated calcium aluminosilicate, C-S-H and ettringite phase through physical encapsulation, precipitation, adsorption or substitution mechanisms, and Pb is mainly solidified in C-S-H phase and absorbed in the Si-O structure.

关键词： municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) fly ash     blast furnace slag     leaching behavior     Cr     Pb    

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我国农业生产的发展方向：从机械化到智慧化

罗锡文,廖娟,臧英,区颖刚,汪沛

《中国工程科学》 2022年 第24卷 第1期   页码 46-54 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2022.01.005

摘要：

“谁来种地，怎样种地”是中国和全世界农业生产面临的共同问题。改革开放以来，我国农业生产的机械化水平已显著提高；而农业生产智慧化是今后社会发展的必然趋势，将以智能装备为基础，以数据和知识为核心要素，使现代科学技术与农业深度融合，实现农业生产全过程的数字化感知、智能化决策、精准化作业和智慧化管理，进一步大幅提高劳动生产率、土地产出率和资源利用率。本文以水稻生产为例介绍了我国农业生产的发展现状，分析了我国农业生产向智慧化生产转变的必要性，总结了我国农业生产向智慧化发展面临的机遇与挑战，据此提出了我国农业生产的发展方向和发展路线。为促进我国农业生产方式从机械化向智慧化转变，本文提出了加强农机装备研发和创新体系建设、加强农机推广体系建设、加强农机社会化服务体系建设、加快智慧农业示范区建设等对策建议。

关键词： 农业生产     水稻生产     农业机械化     信息技术     智能农机     农业生产智慧化    

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装备与信息协同促进现代智慧农业发展研究

韩佳伟,朱文颖,张博,赵春江,杨信廷

《中国工程科学》 2022年 第24卷 第1期   页码 55-63 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2022.01.007

摘要：

农业机械装备是现代农业发展的物质基础、农业机械化发展的重要标志，新一代信息技术驱动农业机械装备智能化转型升级；基于装备与信息技术协同的智慧农业成为现代农业发展的新趋势，对提高农业生产效率、推动农业机械优质高效发展具有积极意义。本文对比分析了国内外智慧农业的研究现状，梳理了我国农业机械装备、农业信息技术的研究进展与趋势；在剖析我国现代智慧农业发展需求并前瞻发展价值的基础上，提出重点工程发展建议：农业生态系统监测网络新基建工程、国家农业大数据中心及运行机制构建工程、智能农机装备研发应用工程、农业信息服务示范工程、果蔬商品化处理智能感控技术与装备研发示范工程。研究认为，立足国情加大农业科技创新投入并优化结构、建立农业“产学研”创新联盟、完善农业科技创新激励政策，可为引导现代智慧农业发展提供坚实保障。

关键词： 农业装备     农业信息化     农业信息服务     智能农机     新基建    

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A data envelopment analysis of agricultural technical efficiency of Northwest Arid Areas in China

Yubao WANG, Lijie SHI, Haojie ZHANG, Shikun SUN

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2017年 第4卷 第2期   页码 195-207 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2017153

摘要： Severe resource shortage and waste of resource in agricultural production make it necessary to assess efficiency to increase productivity with high efficiency and ensure sustainable agricultural development. This paper adopted an input-oriented data envelopment analysis (DEA) method with the assumption of variable returns to scale to evaluate agricultural production efficiency of 100 major irrigation districts in Northwest China in 2010. Major findings of this paper were as follows: firstly, the average value of total technical efficiency, pure technical efficiency and scale efficiency of those irrigation districts in Northwest China were 0.770, 0.825 and 0.931, respectively; secondly, 30% of irrigation districts were technically efficient, while 42% and 32% of them showed pure technical and scale efficiency respectively. Among inefficient decision-making units, total technical efficiency score varied from 0.313 to 0.966, showing significant geographical differences, but geographical differences of pure technical efficiency was more consistent with that of total technical efficiency; thirdly, input redundancy was evident. Inputs of agricultural population, irrigation area, green water, blue water, consumption of fertilizer and agricultural machinery could be reduced by 34.88%, 40.19%, 43.85%, 47.10%, 41.53% and 42.21% respectively without reducing agricultural outputs. Furthermore, irrigation area, green water and blue water had relatively high slack movement though Northwest China which is short of water resources. Based on these results, this paper drew the following conclusions: First, there is huge potential for Northwest China to improve its agricultural production efficiency, and agro-technology not input scale had greater influence on improvement. Second, farmers needed proper guidance in order to reduce agricultural inputs and it is time to centralize agricultural management for overall agricultural inputs regulation and control.

关键词： agricultural production efficiency     DEA model     input redundancy     irrigation districts     Northwest Arid Areas in China    

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三种固体废弃物综合利用的研究

张万钧,郭育文,黄明勇,王斗天,张民胜

《中国工程科学》 2002年 第4卷 第10期   页码 62-66

摘要：

文章从环境建设的可持续发展出发，结合天津开发区在基础设施及园林绿化建设中面临土源紧缺的现实，将周边地区大量存在的海湾泥、粉煤灰、碱渣土等废弃物配制成一种新型种植基质以代替农田客土，并对其理化性质和对植物的适宜性进行了详细的试验研究。实验及推广结果表明海湾泥与碱渣土或粉煤灰按3∶1比例混合最适宜，同时该配比基质在土壤改良和植物适宜性方面均优于滨海盐土，其综合效益十分显著。

关键词： 固体废弃物     新土源     海湾泥     碱渣土     粉煤灰    

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Environmental deterioration of farmlands caused by the irrational use of agricultural technologies

Xubin Pan,Zhongkui Luo,Yongbo Liu

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2016年 第10卷 第4期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-016-0865-7

摘要： Without considering the ecosystem-dependence of agricultural production, irrational use of agricultural technologies could bring only short-term economic benefits but leave long-term environmental deterioration. If some agricultural lands have to be abandoned because of these technologies such as chemical films or groundwater depletion, it will aggravate the burden of remaining lands for maintaining or enhancing production. Thus, agricultural production should be a part of public services, requiring the consideration of interests of different stakeholders and sustainability.

关键词： agricultural film     groundwater exploitation     food security     environmental cost    

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标题 作者 时间 类型 操作

Fabrication, characterization and evaluation of mesoporous activated carbons from agricultural waste:

Lei YU,Chen TU,Yongming LUO

期刊论文

Microbial fuel cell with high content solid wastes as substrates: a review

Qingliang Zhao,Hang Yu,Weixian Zhang,Felix Tetteh Kabutey,Junqiu Jiang,Yunshu Zhang,Kun Wang,Jing Ding

期刊论文

Recycling combustibles from aged municipal solid wastes (MSW) to improve fresh MSW incineration in Shanghai

Dezhen CHEN, Zhenzhen GUAN, Guangyu LIU, Tong ZHU, Gongming ZHOU,

期刊论文

Resource utilization of typical biomass wastes as biochars in removing plasticizer diethyl phthalate

期刊论文

Pollution of hazardous substances in industrial construction and demolition wastes and their multi-path

Sheng Huang, Xin Zhao, Yanqiu Sun, Jianli Ma, Xiaofeng Gao, Tian Xie, Dongsheng Xu, Yi Yu, Youcai Zhao

期刊论文

Goryachkin’s agricultural mechanics

Vera CHINENOVA

期刊论文

Systematical strategies for wastewater treatment and the generated wastes and greenhouse gases in China

Jingbo GUO, Fang MA, Yuanyuan QU, Ang LI, Liang WANG

期刊论文

聚乙烯类废塑料制聚乙烯蜡技术进展

王璇,冀星,李术元

期刊论文

STRENGTHENING NON-POINT SOURCE POLLUTION CONTROL TO PROMOTE AGRICULTURAL GREEN DEVELOPMENT

期刊论文

Characteristics of the stabilized/solidified municipal solid wastes incineration fly ash and the leaching

Yan SHAO,Haobo HOU,Guangxing WANG,Sha WAN,Min ZHOU

期刊论文

我国农业生产的发展方向：从机械化到智慧化

罗锡文,廖娟,臧英,区颖刚,汪沛

期刊论文

装备与信息协同促进现代智慧农业发展研究

韩佳伟,朱文颖,张博,赵春江,杨信廷

期刊论文

A data envelopment analysis of agricultural technical efficiency of Northwest Arid Areas in China

Yubao WANG, Lijie SHI, Haojie ZHANG, Shikun SUN

期刊论文

三种固体废弃物综合利用的研究

张万钧,郭育文,黄明勇,王斗天,张民胜

期刊论文

Environmental deterioration of farmlands caused by the irrational use of agricultural technologies

Xubin Pan,Zhongkui Luo,Yongbo Liu

期刊论文